PART 2 THE SAN FRANCISCO ERA
Veterans for Peace activist, Brian Wilson,
helped organize the "Nuremberg Action", to blockade weapons
shipments destined to Central America, at the Concord Navel Weapons depot.
The activists sat on the tracks before each train load of arms left the
base for ships docked in the Sacramento River. One afternoon the train
didn't stop, and ran over Brian, cutting off his legs. McHenry had met
Brian at a "fast for peace" in Boston, and went to the protest that
weekend. He was so moved by Brian's dedication, he decided to start a
second Food Not Bombs in San Francisco. This time he decided to take notes
on how the group started , to help other people start chapters in their
community. The first action for San Francisco Food Not Bombs was to provide
meals to the protesters at the Nevada Test Site. While serving miso soup to
activists blockading the nuclear workers, a group from Long Beach,
California reported that they had started to collect produce and bread, and
were sharing meals in a local park. "We heard about Food Not Bombs in
Boston and thought the name might be copy written so we are calling
ourselves, Bread Not Bombs." "Call yourselves Food Not Bombs, and
we will have three chapters." which they did.
Keith returned to San Francisco
to organize a weekly meal. It was the perfect city for Food Not Bombs, with
good weather and history of radical activism. During a meeting at a Chinese
restaurant, the San Francisco activists realized there was no free meal
served in the Haight Ashbury on Mondays, so that week they set up a food
table at the entrance to the Golden Gate Park, at the foot of Haight
Street. There was always a nice little crowd of people sitting on the lawn,
and they welcomed the free lunch and the message of peace. That July, the
director of the Haight Ashbury Soup Kitchen suggested the volunteers could
get a permit from the Recreation and Parks Department office a block from
where they were serving. On August 15, 1988, this small group of dedicated
Food Not Bombs activists was surprised when 45 riot police marched out of
the woods , and arrested 9 volunteers, for sharing food with the hungry
without a permit. The police had tipped off a reporter from the San
Francisco Chronicle, who filed a story and photo about riot police
arresting volunteers for feeding the hungry. People all over the Bay Area
were shocked, and asked if they could be of help. The next Monday, nearly
200 people joined a march down Haight Street banging pots and pans on their
way to risk arrest at Golden Gate Park. The police made 29 arrests. News of
these arrests made CNN, the London Times, the New York Times,and many other
media outlets around the world. The next week the police told Food Not
Bombs that they didn't mind that they were feeding the hungry,
"it's just that they are making a political statement and that
isn't allowed." The police told the media that the group could feed
the hungry in an armory out at the ocean, but not in public. On Labor Day,
over 1,000 people came to Golden Gate Park to risk arrest. Fifty Four
activists were jailed , and a number of people were injured by the police,
including a TV cameraman, who was disabled for decades. Facing a crisis,
Mayor Art Agnos held two afternoons of meetings with members of Food Not
Bombs, the ACLU, city officials and neighborhood activists. The mayor
issued a permit to end the arrests. So many people were inspired by the
resistance of Food Not Bombs, that the group not only returned to the park,
they also started to share their ideas and food, without police
interference, Tuesdays at the Federal Building, and United Nations Plaza on
Wednesdays. People in other cities wanted to know how they could get
arrested sharing vegetarian meals, so the volunteers in San Francisco took
their notes and made a flier called: "Seven Steps to Starting A Local
Food Not Bombs Group." New Food Not Bombs chapters started in
Washington D.C., New York City, Seattle, Victoria and Vancouver B.C. As
well as several other cities.
All went well until the next
summer, when the police started a campaign to arrest the homeless for
sleeping in the city parks. One Monday, people eating at Food Not Bombs,
told stories about the police ordering the Fire Department to soak their
camp, and about the police taking their sleeping bags, blankets and
personal belongings. The next day , the volunteers heard more stories of
police repression. The homeless started a Tent City Protest at Civic Center
Plaza, across from City Hall. On Wednesday the hungry asked Food Not Bombs
to join them in Civic Center Plaza. That evening the volunteers started a
24-hour a day vegetarian soup kitchen in solidarity with San
Francisco's homeless. The homeless organized concerts, dances and
rallies every weekday at noon. After several weeks, and lots of news
coverage, the Police Activities League hired a carnival to set up bumper
car rides, a ferris wheel and other attractions in the plaza, but this
didn't stop the protest ,now called "Tenement Square" in solidarity
with the Tienanmen Square protests in China. New York Food Not Bombs was
busy feeding a Tompkins Square Park Tent City Protest on the lower east
side of Manhattan. On the morning of the 27th day, the mayor of San
Francisco opened an additional shelter, declaring that all the homeless now
had a place to stay and ordered the arrest of any of the homeless unwilling
to sleep in this converted auto dealership. Riot police surrounded Civic
Center Plaza as the campers rolled up their tents and packed away their
belongings. For many, though, the shelter was not an option. Men had to
leave their families on the streets, women and people with pets were not
allowed to stay at the new shelter. You had to bring your own card board
box to sleep on. The police started to arrest Food Not Bombs again, and
homeless people were harassed all across the city.
Mother Theresa and her Sisters of Charity
agreed to stop their meals at Civic Center Plaza, so San Francisco Food Not
Bombs decided to share food across from City Hall every day at lunch and
dinner. The group organized a system where the food was divided into
thirds. Several volunteers would start to share a small amount of rice,
beans, soup and bread, and the police would make a few arrests. Then
another group of volunteers with a little more food would arrive, and they
would be arrested. While the police were busy booking the people they had
arrested, the rest of the food would emerge and Food Not Bombs would feed
everyone who had come to eat. After a few months of near daily arrests, the
volunteers came up with a program called: "risk arrest one day a month
with Food Not Bombs", and invited members of other groups to risk
arrest sharing meals. Nuns and priests were arrested, students, peace
groups, labor organizers were jailed, but when members of the National
Lawyers Guild shared food, the police arrested the people eating and left
the lawyers free.
The arrests were virtually a daily event.
On October 5, 1989 at 5:05 p.m. San Francisco shook with the largest
earthquake since 1909. Rice and beans were cooking on the stove at the time
the gas and electricity went out. Food Not Bombs still had their propane
tanks and stoves from the days of the Tent City protest , so the volunteers
loaded up the truck and set up a field kitchen outside City Hall. This time
when the police arrived, they joined the soup line and had a bite to eat
and the arrests ended for the rest of Mayor Agnos's term.
Chevron Oil won the right to host the 500th
anniversary of Columbus arriving in the new world , and planned to
celebrate in San Francisco. Native American activists announced they would
organize a protest. Food Not Bombs called it's first international
gathering for October 1992. Around 75 people came to the gathering from
many of the nearly thirty active groups, including several volunteers from
Food Not Bombs chapters in Canada. New Society Press had asked us to write
a book when they read the flier, "Seven Steps to Starting a Local Food
Not Bombs Group." "Food Not Bombs, How to Feed The Hungry and Build
Community" was published just in time for the first gathering. The
principles of Food Not Bombs was a major focus of the gathering. The
activists agreed that every chapter would be autonomous, there would be no
leaders, and they would use the process of consensus to make decisions.
They also agreed that the food would always be vegetarian, and free to
anyone without restriction , and the third principle would be a dedication
to nonviolent direct action. They also agreed to return home, and help
people start new chapters in neighboring cities. The next day the Food Not
Bombs volunteers cooked a huge amount of food, and provided vegetarian
meals to the Native American protesters, some of whom pushed
"Columbus" back out into the San Francisco Bay, 500 years was
enough.
Food Not Bombs activists
returned home and started organizing more meals and new chapters.
Grassroots punk bands, such as Fifteen, J Church, Good Riddance,
Propagandi, and MDC put information about Food Not Bombs in their lyrics
and liner notes. And on top of all this grassroots dissemination and
organizing, the Internet was just becoming popular, and became a major tool
for spreading the word about Food Not Bombs. Chapters started everywhere
almost like magic. Groups started in Melbourne, Australia, Prague,
Czechoslovakia, Montreal, Canada and London, England, and in cities all
across the United States.
Not long after the first Food Not Bombs
1992 Gathering, there was about to be an election in San Francisco and the
man who lead the arrests of Food Not Bombs, Chief of Police Frank Jordan,
ran for mayor on an anti-homeless platform, claiming he would round the
homeless up and put them in work camps. Once elected, Jordan started what
he called "The Quality of Life Enforcement Matrix Program".
Attorney General Janet Reno's Justice Department donated a military plane,
which the city outfitted with thermal imaging cameras so the police could
"see" the body heat of people living in the parks. The program
started in August 1993, with raids throughout the city's parks. The police
ordered people to throw their shoes, sleeping bags and blankets in trash
trucks. Many were arrested for sleeping in public. San Francisco's homeless
were told to leave the city. Food Not Bombs volunteers were horrified to
see this abuse of police power, so they joined with the San Francisco
Coalition of the Homeless, and other community groups, in organizing
protests for the human rights of people living on the streets. Food Not
Bombs volunteers borrowed a video camera from the ACLU to film the human
rights abuses. They filmed police confiscating shoes, and an officer
struggling to tear a photo album from the arms of an older woman. The
activists gave the footage to the local TV stations, and Oakland's
Channel 2 aired some of the shots on their evening news. This angered the
mayor, and in retaliation, Jordan ordered the city attorney to get a restraining order against Food Not Bombs sharing meals without a permit,
and he ordered his Recreation and Parks Commission to delete the permit
process. The courts agreed to issue an injunction, and the volunteers
started being arrested and charged with "felony conspiracy to share
free food in violation of a court order." One morning a Food Not Bombs activist called the
local media to invite them to cover their protests for the rights of the
homeless, but the a staff person at the Bay City News Service explained
that the management had posted notices claiming that it was illegal to take
calls from Food Not Bombs because it "would be aiding and abetting in a
felony." An electrical engineer, Steven Dunnifer, was starting to teach
classes in building low-power FM radio transmitters. Food Not Bombs
volunteers joined Steven in making transmitters for Free Radio Berkeley and
San Francisco Liberation Radio, unlicensed, low-power or "pirate"
radio stations. The free radio stations reported on government efforts to
make it illegal to be homeless, and police violence against Food Not Bombs
volunteers. The Federal Communications Commission tried to shut down the
stations, but this only encouraged more people to start their own stations.
At one point there were over 350 unlicensed low-power FM radio stations in
the United States, many started by Food Not Bombs activists.
Food Not Bombs was still getting arrested
almost every day and decided to add another project to their "Risk
Arrest One day a Month" campaign. They talked with the San Francisco
Tenants Union, and proposed to occupy an empty hotel across from Glide
Memorial Church on Thanksgiving. The mayor's friend had evicted nearly 200
low-income people to turn his building into an expensive tourist hotel. As
the mayor arrived for his televised turkey cutting at Glide's soup kitchen,
activists dropped banners saying "Homes Not Jails", declaring
housing as a human right. That same evening, several homeless families
moved into an abandoned office a block from Glide. After the success of
this first action, activists started to ride around the city writing down
the addresses of empty buildings and looking up the properties at city
hall. If the properties were in litigation by banks fighting over the
ownership, the volunteers would break open the building and put their own
locks on them. Volunteers would ask people eating dinner with Food Not
Bombs if they would like a place to live. The activist would invite the
homeless to meet them at 9:00 the next morning at an address of an empty
building. The activists would arrive with a key, tools and cleaning
supplies, unlock the door and invite the homeless families to move in.
Neighbors were often happy to see the empty building occupied, not
realizing that the "Homes Not Jails" volunteers were not really the
owners. According to the book, "No Trespassing", Homes Not Jails
had keys to over 400 houses, and housed people in over 200 of those
buildings. Homes Not Jails also organized a campaign to house homeless
veterans, by occupying abandoned housing in the Presidio, a former army
base near the Golden Gate Bridge.
The day the North American Free
Trade Agreement went into effect, January 1, 1994, several Bay Area
micro-radio stations received an email from the Zapatistas about an
uprising in Mexico. That evening San Francisco Liberation Radio broadcast
the Zapatista's communique from the top of Twin Peaks , while Free radio
Berkeley read the manifesto from the Oakland Hills. The next day, Food Not
Bombs volunteers held a "Viva Zapatista , No NAFTA" sign as they
shared their daily lunch. The mayor's film commissioner stumbled out of
City Hall and started yelling at the people serving food. He took out a
cell phone and called a tow truck to take away the Food Not Bombs truck.
Keith McHenry set aside the sign and went to a pay phone in City Hall to
call the towing company. The film commissioner followed Keith to the phone
booth, and started pushing Keith against the inside of the booth. Unable to
finish the call, he went upstairs to another phone booth and made
arrangements to retrieve the truck. Two business men and a police officer
stood at the bottom of the stairs and asked Keith to come and speak with
them. "Yes how can I help you?" "You're under arrest for
assault, battery and strong armed robbery. That happens to be a strike
under the new California "Three Strikes" law." Once bailed,
Keith continued to get arrested for sharing meals until May when he was
arrested handing out literature to the Board of Supervisors. This time, he
was charged with assault with a deadly weapon, and possession of stolen
property, 24 Berkeley Farms milk crates, and faced 25 years, to life, in
prison.
PART 3 FOOD NOT BOMBS
BECOMES WORLDWIDE
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